The Chronic Health Effects of Work-Related Stressors Experienced by Police Communications Workers.

BACKGROUND: Law enforcement communications (i.e., 911 dispatch and call takers) is a challenging and stressful occupation. The purpose of this study is to identify the main stressors associated with employment in law enforcement communications, and to identify and provide context to how these stressors affect workers' health and wellbeing. METHODS: This research study included focus groups with 23 call takers and 911 dispatchers employed by a large, urban law enforcement agency in 2018. Thematic analyses were conducted to identify trends. RESULTS: Four themes of stressors emerged (i.e., the high stakes nature of some 911 calls for service, understaffing, supervisor-related stress, and recruiting practice). Two health-related themes emerged as being occupation-related: weight gain and poor sleep patterns/insufficient sleep). Specifically, participants reported negative eating habits resulting in weight gain and obesity, lack of sleep and irregular sleep schedules, and development of hypertension and/or diabetes since beginning their jobs. CONCLUSION: Law enforcement communications professionals experience a number of the same stressors facing law enforcement officers in patrol. These stressors, combined with the sedentary nature of the job, could result in long-term, chronic health problems.

Applying EFDC Explorer model in the Gallinas River, Mexico to estimate its assimilation capacity for water quality protection.

Sanitary and industrial wastewater discharged into rivers, is a general problem that occurs in most of the world and Mexico is not the exception, the main goal of this research is to determine based on simulations of pollutants concentrations, the assimilation capacity of the Gallinas River against discharges of agricultural and industrial wastewater from the cultivation and processing of sugar cane under two different hypothetical simulation scenarios, based on reproducing two well know scenarios. In sugarcane cultivation, large quantities of fertilizers are used whose main active components are based on nitrogen or phosphorus compounds, therefore, the wastewater resulting from sugarcane processing contains a high organic content from 20 to 40% of inorganic compounds, such as nitrogenous substances, organic acids, and phosphorous sulfates. For this reason, the physical-chemical variables of interest analyzed in this work are the PO[Formula: see text] (phosphate), NO[Formula: see text] (nitrate), and DO (dissolved oxygen). With the simulation results according to each scenery, it can be determined, that despite the continuous discharge of polluting elements, the Gallinas River has a good assimilation capacity thanks to reaeration processes that permit efficient recovery of the dissolved oxygen in the water column. Gallinas River is located in the region known as the Huasteca Potosina, this investigation is relevant for the region due to the River is of vital importance being the main tributary that allows socioeconomic development activities in this zone. To carry out the simulations, was used the Explorer Modeling System 8.4 (EFCD) model and was performed two samplings campaign along 15 km in the water body to calibrate the numerical model to represent the dry and wet seasons during May and September respectively named as calibration scenarios.

Navigating Increasing Levels of Relational Complexity: Perceptual, Analogical, and System Mappings.

Relational thinking involves comparing abstract relationships between mental representations that vary in complexity; however, this complexity is rarely made explicit during everyday comparisons. This study explored how people naturally navigate relational complexity and interference using a novel relational match-to-sample (RMTS) task with both minimal and relationally directed instruction to observe changes in performance across three levels of relational complexity: perceptual, analogy, and system mappings. Individual working memory and relational abilities were examined to understand RMTS performance and susceptibility to interfering relational structures. Trials were presented without practice across four blocks, and participants received feedback after each attempt to guide learning. Experiment 1 instructed participants to select the target that best matched the sample, whereas Experiment 2 additionally directed participants' attention to same and different relations. Participants in Experiment 2 demonstrated improved performance when solving analogical mappings, suggesting that directing attention to relational characteristics affected behavior. Higher performing participants-those with above-chance performance on the final block of system mappings-solved more analogical RMTS problems and had greater visuospatial working memory, abstraction, verbal analogy, and scene analogy scores compared to lower performers. Lower performers were less dynamic in their performance across blocks and demonstrated negative relationships between analogy and system mapping accuracy, suggesting increased interference between these relational structures. Participant performance on RMTS problems did not change monotonically with relational complexity, suggesting that increases in relational complexity places nonlinear demands on working memory. We argue that competing relational information causes additional interference, especially in individuals with lower executive function abilities.

A colorful approach towards developing new nano-based imaging contrast agents for improved cancer detection.

Providing physicians with new imaging agents to help detect cancer with better sensitivity and specificity has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. Development of new imaging agents could offer improved early cancer detection during routine screening or help surgeons identify tumor margins for surgical resection. In this study, we evaluate the optical properties of a colorful class of dyes and pigments that humans routinely encounter. The pigments are often used in tattoo inks and the dyes are FDA approved for the coloring of foods, drugs, and cosmetics. We characterized their absorption, fluorescence and Raman scattering properties in the hopes of identifying a new panel of dyes that offer exceptional imaging contrast. We found that some of these coloring agents, coined as "optical inks", exhibit a multitude of useful optical properties, outperforming some of the clinically approved imaging dyes on the market. The best performing optical inks (Green 8 and Orange 16) were further incorporated into liposomal nanoparticles to assess their tumor targeting and optical imaging potential. Mouse xenograft models of colorectal, cervical and lymphoma tumors were used to evaluate the newly developed nano-based imaging contrast agents. After intravenous injection, fluorescence imaging revealed significant localization of the new "optical ink" liposomal nanoparticles in all three tumor models as opposed to their neighboring healthy tissues (p < 0.05). If further developed, these coloring agents could play important roles in the clinical setting. A more sensitive imaging contrast agent could enable earlier cancer detection or help guide surgical resection of tumors, both of which have been shown to significantly improve patient survival.

Francisco Campos-Rivadeneira and Roberto Levi- Castillo: Their lives and contributions to the study of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ecuador. / Francisco Campos-Rivadeneira y Roberto Levi-Castillo: sus vidas y contribuciones al estudio de los mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) en Ecuador

The study of mosquitoes is important in the prevention of vector-borne diseases. In Ecuador, the study of local mosquito biodiversity was pioneered by two entomologists whose contributions span through the first half of the 20th century, Francisco Campos-Rivadeneira and Roberto Levi-Castillo. Both of them contributed to general aspects of Entomology and to particular insights in mosquito taxonomy. Their publications and discoveries were recognized by the international scientific community but went unnoticed in South America during their time. Today, very few citizens remember the names and contributions of these two scientists. Here, we provide an overview of their lives, a summary of their contributions, and we conclude with a broader outlook on the practice of science in Latin America during their time.

El estudio de los mosquitos es una importante tarea en la prevención de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores. En Ecuador, el conocimiento de la biodiversidad local de mosquitos se inició con dos entomólogos pioneros que trabajaron a inicios del siglo XX: Francisco Campos-Rivadeneira y Roberto Levi-Castillo. Ambos hicieron importantes contribuciones en el campo de la Entomología en general y de la taxonomía de los mosquitos en particular. En su época, sus aportes fueron reconocidos por la comunidad científica internacional, pero pasaron desapercibidos en la región suramericana. Hoy en día, son muy pocos los que recuerdan los nombres y los aportes de estos dos hombres de ciencia. En este artículo, se presenta una breve biografía de ambos científicos y un resumen de sus contribuciones, y se establece en perspectiva la situación de la práctica de la ciencia en Latinoamérica durante la época.

Francisco Campos-Rivadeneira and Roberto Levi- Castillo: Their lives and contributions to the study of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ecuador

The study of mosquitoes is important in the prevention of vector-borne diseases. In Ecuador, the study of local mosquito biodiversity was pioneered by two entomologists whose contributions span through the first half of the 20th century, Francisco Campos- Rivadeneira and Roberto Levi-Castillo. Both of them contributed to general aspects of Entomology and to particular insights in mosquito taxonomy. Their publications and discoveries were recognized by the international scientific community but went unnoticed in South America during their time. Today, very few citizens remember the names and contributions of these two scientists. Here, we provide an overview of their lives, a summary of their contributions, and we conclude with a broader outlook on the practice of science in Latin America during their time.

El estudio de los mosquitos es una importante tarea en la prevención de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores. En Ecuador, el conocimiento de la biodiversidad local de mosquitos se inició con dos entomólogos pioneros que trabajaron a inicios del siglo XX: Francisco Campos-Rivadeneira y Roberto Levi-Castillo. Ambos hicieron importantes contribuciones en el campo de la Entomología en general y de la taxonomía de los mosquitos en particular. En su época, sus aportes fueron reconocidos por la comunidad científica internacional, pero pasaron desapercibidos en la región suramericana. Hoy en día, son muy pocos los que recuerdan los nombres y los aportes de estos dos hombres de ciencia. En este artículo, se presenta una breve biografía de ambos científicos y un resumen de sus contribuciones, y se establece en perspectiva la situación de la práctica de la ciencia en Latinoamérica durante la época.

A Large Community Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease Associated With a Cooling Tower in New York City, 2015.

OBJECTIVES: Infections caused by Legionella are the leading cause of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. We investigated a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in New York City in summer 2015 to characterize patients, risk factors for mortality, and environmental exposures. METHODS: We defined cases as patients with pneumonia and laboratory evidence of Legionella infection from July 2 through August 3, 2015, and with a history of residing in or visiting 1 of several South Bronx neighborhoods of New York City. We describe the epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory investigation that identified the source of the outbreak. RESULTS: We identified 138 patients with outbreak-related Legionnaires' disease, 16 of whom died. The median age of patients was 55. A total of 107 patients had a chronic health condition, including 43 with diabetes, 40 with alcoholism, and 24 with HIV infection. We tested 55 cooling towers for Legionella, and 2 had a strain indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from 26 patient isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic evidence implicated 1 cooling tower as the source of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: A large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease caused by a cooling tower occurred in a medically vulnerable community. The outbreak prompted enactment of a new city law on the operation and maintenance of cooling towers. Ongoing surveillance and evaluation of cooling tower process controls will determine if the new law reduces the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in New York City.

Localization of the rabies virus antigen in Merkel cells in the follicle-sinus complexes of muzzle skins of rabid dogs.

The direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) on fresh brain tissues is the gold standard for rabies virus antigen detection in dogs. However, this method is laborious and holds a high risk of virus exposure for the experimenter. Skin biopsies are useful for the diagnosis of humans and animals. In mammals, the tactile hair, known as the follicle-sinus complex (FSC), is a specialized touch organ that is abundant in the muzzle skin. Each tactile hair is equipped with more than 2,000 sensory nerve endings. Therefore, this organ is expected to serve as an alternative postmortem diagnostic material. However, the target cells and localization of rabies virus antigen in the FSCs remain to be defined. In the present study, muzzle skins were obtained from 60 rabid dogs diagnosed with rabies by dFAT at the Research Institute of Tropical Medicine in the Philippines. In all dogs, virus antigen was clearly detected in a part of the outer root sheath at the level of the ring sinus of the FSCs, and the majority of cells were positive for the Merkel cell (MC) markers cytokeratin 20 and CAM5.2. Our results suggest that MCs in the FSCs of the muzzle skin are a target for virus replication and could serve as a useful alternative specimen source for diagnosis of rabies.

Relación entre los modelos evaluativos para la acreditación institucional y las carreras universitarias / Association of the evaluation models for institutional accreditation and university careers

Introducción: el término de calidad en la Educación Superior ha experimentado cambios a lo largo de los últimos 50 años; si bien en las décadas del 50 y 60 del pasado siglo no tuvo un carácter relevante, en la actualidad se asume con prioridad por el Ministerio de Educación Superior, de ahí la existencia de una Junta de Acreditación Nacional que norma los procesos que subyacen en la Educación Superior Cubana e incluye programas, procesos, áreas y a las propias Universidades, que se inician con una autoevaluación. Objetivos: analizar las autoevaluaciones realizadas a la Carrera Licenciatura en Enfermería e Institucionales en el quinquenio 2007-2012, con sus indicadores propios, destacar sus fortalezas, debilidades y la interrelación entre las mismas. Resultados: los indicadores con resultados más relevantes fueron los de Pertinencia y Currículo, mientras que el de Profesores fue el más afectado, fundamentalmente por el número de Doctores en Ciencia y el número de publicaciones por profesor, no así en cuanto a la pirámide docente, prestigio entre sus alumnos y años de experiencia. Conclusiones: existen indicadores que influyen en la Carrera Licenciatura en Enfermería e Institucional, ya sea directa o indirectamente, pues si bien la acreditación de carreras incluye aspectos institucionales, no contempla un análisis integral de la institución y viceversa(AU)

The term Quality in Higher Education has had changes in the last 50 years, although from 50 to 60 they were not relevant, nowadays there is a National Accreditation Team which norms these processes, accrediting universities as well as areas, processes and programs. Due to these reasons we began to analyze the evaluations done to the Nursing career as well as the institutional evaluations, both done between 2007-2012, each of them with their own indicators, outstanding its strengths and weaknesses and the interrelation among them. It is concluded that the indicators with more relevant results were Pertinence and Curricula, while the Professors one was the most affected mainly for the poor amount of Doctors in Sciences and the poor amount of publications per professor, but not due to the docent pyramid, prestige among the students and years of experience. There are also indicators which influence directly or indirectly in both items because although accreditation of careers includes institutional aspects, it does not include an integral analysis of the institution and viceversa(AU)

Relación entre los modelos evaluativos para la acreditación institucional y las carreras universitarias / Association of the evaluation models for institutional accreditation and university careers

Introducción: el término de calidad en la Educación Superior ha experimentado cambios a lo largo de los últimos 50 años; si bien en las décadas del 50 y 60 del pasado siglo no tuvo un carácter relevante, en la actualidad se asume con prioridad por el Ministerio de Educación Superior, de ahí la existencia de una Junta de Acreditación Nacional que norma los procesos que subyacen en la Educación Superior Cubana e incluye programas, procesos, áreas y a las propias Universidades, que se inician con una autoevaluación. Objetivos: analizar las autoevaluaciones realizadas a la Carrera Licenciatura en Enfermería e Institucionales en el quinquenio 2007-2012, con sus indicadores propios, destacar sus fortalezas, debilidades y la interrelación entre las mismas. Resultados: los indicadores con resultados más relevantes fueron los de Pertinencia y Currículo, mientras que el de Profesores fue el más afectado, fundamentalmente por el número de Doctores en Ciencia y el número de publicaciones por profesor, no así en cuanto a la pirámide docente, prestigio entre sus alumnos y años de experiencia.Conclusiones: existen indicadores que influyen en la Carrera Licenciatura en Enfermería e Institucional, ya sea directa o indirectamente, pues si bien la acreditación de carreras incluye aspectos institucionales, no contempla un análisis integral de la institución y viceversa(AU)

Introduction: The term quality in higher education has experienced several changes throughout the last 50 years; although the 50s and the 60s of the last century were not relevant, at the present time this term is prioritized by the Ministry of Higher Education and gives rise to the National Board of Accreditation that rules the processes in the Cuban higher education and includes programs, processes, areas and the universities as such; self-evaluation is the first step.Objectives: To analyze the self-evaluations carried out in the Bachelor of Nursing studies as well as institutional self-evaluations in the 2007-2012 period using their own indicators, and to underline their strengths, weaknesses and the association between them. Results: The indicators with the most relevant results were pertinence and curriculum whereas professors was the most affected mainly because of the number of PhDs and the number of publications by professor, but not related to the teaching pyramid, the prestige among students and the number of years of experience. Conclusions: There are indicators that have an impact on the Bachelor of Nursing career and institutional accreditation, either directly or indirectly, since career accreditation includes institutional issues but not the comprehensive analysis of the institution, and vice versa.(AU)

Epidemiology of foreign bodies injuries in Ecuador: a first look based on a single centre experience.

OBJECTIVE: The analysis of foreign bodies (FB) injuries in the upper aero-digestive tract is not available for Ecuador and in this context, the present article represent the is the first presenting to the international community the basic epidemiological data on the Ecuador's experience on foreign bodies juries. METHODS: Data on 258 cases were gleaned using Susy Safe database, choosing the cases coming from Ecuador's institutions, namely Francisco De Icaza Bustamante Children Hospital, in Guayaquil (Ecuador) which collects data on children injuries due to foreign bodies with the aid of a standardized case report forms. RESULTS: Patients showed a female:male ratio of 1:1.2. Fifty-three percent of the children were younger than 2 years of age, with a mean age of 3.22 years. The most frequent location of retrieval was the oesophagus (37.98%) followed by the ears (34.88%). Coins were the most frequent cause of accident (37.21%). Seeds and grain were the most frequent food FBs and they were seen in 13.95% of cases. Adult presence was recorded in 113 cases. There was indeed a significant correlation between the presence of an adult and the activity that the children were doing when the incident occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This first breach into the analysis of injuries in Ecuador gives the confirmation that the results coming from country's data agreed with the general Susy Safe ones. Similar preventive strategies are therefore highly recommended, stressing that primary prevention has the main role in children's protection.

Teratoma quístico maduro con transformación maligna: a propósito de un caso / Mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation: a purpose of a case

Paciente femenina de 26 años de edad, quien es referida en posoperatorio de ooforectomía derecha, cuya biopsia reporta “teratoma quístico maligno, patrón epitelial tipo adenoescamoso”. Es reintervenida con laparotomía estadificadora donde se evidencia hallazgos de plastrones tumorales en peritoneo pélvico, mesocolon y epiplón, además múltiples adenopatías pre aórticas, ausencia de ovario derecho, y ovario izquierdo con tumor quístico de 6 cm de diámetro, adherido a la trompa ipsilateral y el piso pélvico. La biopsia definitiva reporta “adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado con diferenciación escamosa infiltrando ovario izquierdo, pared de la trompa uterina izquierda, parametrios derecho, izquierdo, piso pélvico, peritoneo y epiplón inframesocólico”. Recibe quimioterapia adyuvante con esquema de paclitaxel y carboplatino por 4 ciclos. Al mes de terminar el tratamiento adyuvante presenta sangrado genital, evidenciándose lesión en cúpula vaginal cuya biopsia reporta “carcinoma epidermoide moderadamente diferenciado”. Se planifica tratamiento con doxorrubicina, ifosfamida y mesna combinado con radioterapia externa pélvica y braquiterapia complementaria.

We report the case of 26 year old female patient who is referred after undergoing right oophorectomy. The pathology of the surgical specimen was reported as “malignant cystic teratoma with adenosquamous epithelial pattern”. Staging laparotomy is performed. The surgical findings were: tumor implants in pelvic peritoneum, mesocolon, omentum. paraortic lymphadenopaties. Left ovary with 6 cm cystic tumor on its surface firmly adhered to the ipsilateral fallopian tube and pelvic wall. Absence of right ovary. Pathology reports “moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation infiltrates left ovary, left fallopian tube, right and left parametria, pelvic wall and inframesocolic omentum”. Adjuvant chemotherapy based on paclitaxel carboplatin for 4 cycles. One month after ending adjuvant treatment refers vaginal bleeding. After detailed gynecologic evaluation, an exophytic lesion on the vaginal vault is found. The biopsy reports “moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma”. Combined therapy based on chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin, iphosphamide and mesna) and external radiotherapy was scheduled.

Epidemeología y factores de riesgo: en pacientes con adenocarcinoma de endometrio / Risk factors and epidemeology: in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma

El adenocarcinoma de endometrio es causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad, correlacionado con aumento en uso de terapia de reemplazo hormonal en posmenopáusicas. Estudio descriptivo corte transversal; se determinaron características epidemiológicas, factores de riesgo en pacientes evaluadas entre enero 1992 diciembre 2005. En 129 pacientes: mayoría entre 70- 80 años. Menarquía antes 10 años 5, de 10 a 12 años 45, 13 a 15 años 48, > de 15 años 7 y desconocida en 24. Premenopáusicas 18 pacientes, posmenopáusicas 90, desconocido 21. Nuligestas 21, de 1 a 5 gestas 64, de 6 a 10 20, más de 10 gestas 10, desconocidas 14. Hipertensión 35, diabéticos 10, tabáquicos 18, obesidad 5, alcohólicos 5, cáncer 3, otros 8, desconocidos 21, sin antecedentes 34. Antecedentes oncológicos familiares: cáncer de mama 9, cáncer de endometrio 2, otros cánceres ginecológicos 10, cáncer de vías digestivas 14, otros cánceres 12, desconocidos 21 sin antecedentes 78. Estadio clínico 38, quirúrgico 81, no se clasificaron 10 casos. Estadio clínico: Ia 2 Ib 5 II 21 III 5, IVa 1 IVb 4. Estadio quirúrgico: Ia 10, Ib 28, Ic 15, IIa 6, IIb 3, IIIa 8, IIIb 5, IVa 1 y IVb 3. Tipo histológico: endometrioide 115, seroso-papilar 7, adenoescamoso 2, células claras 2, células pequeñas 1, indiferenciado 2, grado histológico: Bien diferenciado 75, moderadamente diferenciado 40 poco diferenciado 17. Realizar más estudios y compararlos con otras series.

Neoplasias infiltrantes de vulva / Infiltrant vulvar neoplasia

El cáncer de vulva es una enfermedad de mujeres en edad avanzada, también ha sido observado en mujeres premenopáusicas. Generalmente es del tipo carcinoma de células escamosas, aunque se presentan otros tipos histológicos. La cirugía es la terapéutica de elección por ser más eficaz, incluye exéresis amplias, vulvectomías parciales, simples, radicales (esta última con vaciamiento inguino femoral) y exenteraciones pélvicas. La radioterapia y poliquimioterapia son terapéuticas generalmente adyuvantes al tratamiento quirúrgico. Trabajo de investigación de tipo retrospectivo, descriptivo con estudios de distribución de frecuencias. El universo correspondió a 36 pacientes ingresados al servicio de ginecología oncológica del Instituto de Oncología “Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño” de la ciudad de Valencia, Venezuela, entre los años de 1995 y 2006, y con diagnóstico de neoplasia infiltrante de vulva. De la totalidad de las pacientes evaluadas se obtuvo que la mayor incidencia de esta patología se encontraba entre las pacientes mayores de 71 años con 36,11 por ciento. La histología más frecuente fue el carcinoma epidermoide. Más de un 75 por ciento de las pacientes ingresó en estadios avanzados. El tratamiento más realizado fue la vulvectomía radical con un 63,8 por ciento. Conclusión: En base a los datos obtenidos se sugiere lograr mejoras en los métodos de pesquisa para así lograr diagnósticos en etapas más tempranas, de esta manera evitar cirugías más agresivas que repercuten en un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes, y así lograr una mejor calidad de vida.

Tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo (PNET) de la mama: reporte de un caso / Primitive neuroectodermic tumor (PNET) of the breast: proposal of a case

El tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo, se incluye entre las neoplasias de células redondas y azules, forma parte de la familia de tumores de Ewing. El tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo es uno de los tumores que pertenecen a la familia de neoplasias formadas por células redondas, pequeñas, indiferenciadas que presentan una expresión fenotípica neuroectodérmica. Aparece con mayor frecuencia en la segunda década de la vida. Tiene varias formas de presentación, la más frecuente es en hueso, seguida de partes blandas, cavidad abdominal, área torácico-pulmonar, columna vertebral y sistema nervioso central. Excepcionalmente, se han descrito casos en miocardio, vulva y meninges. El caso que presentamos a continuación, es el segundo caso reportado en la literatura mundial diagnósticado en la glándula mamaria, así como, la revisión de la literatura en relación con esta patología

Experiencia en el tratamiento de los sarcomas de novo: en la glándula mamaria / Experience in the treatment of the novo sarcomas: in the mammary gland

El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la incidencia y la experiencia en el tratamiento de los sarcomas primitivos de la glándula mamaria, en nuestro Instituto. Se analizaron retrospectivamente, las historias de las pacientes con el diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna de la mama, ingresadas al Servicio de Patología Mamaria del Instituto de Oncología Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño entre diciembre de 1998 y diciembre de 2003, revisándose un total de 856 historias, de donde se extrajeron sólo 6 casos de sarcomas primitivos de la mama, lo que representó un total de 0,74 por ciento. El 100 por ciento de los casos se presentó en el sexo femenino, y con lesiones mayores de 5 cm de diámetro. En ninguno de los casos se presentaron adenopatías axilares clínicamente sospechosas. La edad de presentación osciló entre los 13 y los 60 años, con una media de 36 años. El estadio predominante al momento del diagnóstico fue el III-B (50 por ciento). El tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos consistió en la mastectomía simple, radioterapia y quimioterapia adyuvante. Se presentaron un total de seis sarcomas primitivos de la mama, distribuidos así: 3 angiosarcomas, 1 neurofibrosarcoma, 1 fibrohistiocitoma, 1 tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo. El tratamiento realizado se basó en la mastectomía simple sin disección axilar, y el tratamiento adyuvante con radioterapia y quimioterapia. La sobrevida global osciló entre 10 y 60 meses

Cáncer de esófago: características epidemiológicas, clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas / Cancer of esophagus: epidemiological, clinics, diagnosis and therapeutic characteristics

El cáncer de esófago es una de las neoplasias más agresivas que existen, casi todos los pacientes concurren a la consulta en estadios avanzados. La cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia, no han producido un aumento significativo de la sobrevida. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, para conocer las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, patológicas y terapéuticas en los pacientes evaluados en el Servicio de Tumores Mixtos del Instituto de Oncología "Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño" entre los años 1996 y 2002. Se evaluaron 43 pacientes, no hubo mayor incidencia del sexo masculino y fué mas frecuente entre los 71 y 80 años. El mayor número de pacientes fue evaluado en el 2001 y el menor en 1996. La mayoría tenía antecedentes tabáquicos y alcohólicos y el síntoma más frecuente fue la disfagia. El tiempo de inicio de síntomas fue, en la mayoría, seis meses antes del diagnóstico. El 100 por ciento de los casos correspondio a carcinoma epidermoide, predominado el moderadamente diferenciado. No se estadificaron 26 pacientes. Recibieron tratamiento neoadyuvante 5 pacientes, en 4 la cirugía fue curativa y en 23 de ellos no se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico. Recibieron tratamiento sistémico 12 pacientes y no lo recibieron 31. Fueron tratados con radioterapia 13 pacientes y no la recibieron 30. El estatus de los pacientes para enero era: 14 fallecidos, vivos 8, y no se conocía el estatus en 21. El diagnóstico preco permite una mejor terapéutica y mejora la sobrevida

Osteosarcoma paraosteal desdiferenciado a osteosarcoma de células redondas: presentación de un caso / Desdifferenciate paraosteal osteosarcoma to round cells's osteosarcoma: presentation of a case

El osteosarcoma paraosteal es una neoplasia ósea maligna, original de la supreficie de los huesos largos. Son tumores bien diferenciados, asociados con un curso clínico indolente. Se describe el osteosarcoma paraosteal desdiferenciado, una variedad mas agrasiva, caracterizada por recurrencias locales frecuentes, potencial metastásico y microscópicamente, áreas de osteosarcoma de alto grado. Realizamos una revisión de todos los osteosarcomas supreficiales diagnósticados en nuestra institución, desde enero de 1997 hasta la actualidad. Identificamos la edad, el sexo, localización, características radiológicas y características histológicas. Fueron 5 osteosarcomas superficiales, 3 paraosteales, 1 periosteal, 1 superficial de alto grado. De una paciente de sexo femenino, de 41 años, diagnosticada previamente como osteosarcoma paraosteal, con una lesión expansiva, radiolúcida en fémur distal y microscópicamente presentó, áreas fibroblásticas, con áreas de osteosarcoma de alto grado. El osteosarcoma paraosteal desdiferenciado, es una variedad poco frecuente de osteosarcoma superficial y, se asocia con el curso clínico semejante al de un aosteosarcoma convencional

In vitro effects of albendazole sulfoxide and praziquantel against Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysts.

We investigated the minimum exposure times of prazicuantel (PZQ) and albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) required for their activities against Taenia cysts in vitro as well as the 50 and 99% effective concentrations. The results showed that although the effects of both drugs are time and concentration dependent, ABZSO acts much slower and is less potent than PZQ.

Pharmacokinetics of HEPP, a new anticonvulsant, in healthy subjects and rabbits after multiple doses.

In the present study the pharmacokinetics of D,L-3hydroxy-3-phenylpropionamide (HEPP) a new anticonvulsant compound was studied after multiple dose administration in healthy male volunteers and in rabbits. The study in humans involved the oral administration of 375 mg of HEPP b.i.d. for 7 consecutive days. The study in rabbits explored doses of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) given once daily for 6 days. In both studies pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles were characterized after the first dose and after the last multiple dose. Plasma HEPP concentrations were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. The results in humans as well as in rabbits showed that after multiple doses the AUC values decreased and CL/F values were significantly increased, which could be due to an induction process in the metabolic disposition of the drug.